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QBG Concept
Ecological Groups
The Qur’an Botanical Garden monitored the plant species that were mentioned by their explicit names in the Noble Qur’an and the Hadith, and divided them into three groups according to the environments and natural habitats in which they grow, and they were recorded with their scientific names, as well as their local names in a list that is considered the first of its kind.
Ecological groups of plants of the Qur’anic Botanic Garden
The Qur’anic Botanic Garden (QBG) displays around 60 types of plants. Of these, 19 are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, while the others are frequently referred to in the Noble Hadith and the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). QBG also displays diverse varieties of dissimilar plants belonging to the same types. Although the diversity of these plants allows for them to be classified according to many differing categories, their native geographical location remains the main basis for classifications, as follows:
First: Desert plants
These are the plants that grow wild in desert areas. Therefore, they are planted directly in the places designated for them, without need for any kind of special shading or the like. Among these types are Athl, Sidr, Samar, Aloe Vera, Henna, Arak, andIkhar.
Second: Flora of the Mediterranean region (Temperate environment)
Since the climate of the Mediterranean region ranges from warm to hot, and is characterized by dry summers and winters that range from mild to cold, there is a group of plants within the QBG collection belonging to this geographical region. Many types of these plants can grow well in subtropical areas.This is because the Mediterranean climate represents a particular variation on the subtropical climate, and this feature allows a wide variety of flora to grow in open, natural areas of the garden. Among these types are grapes, figs, olives, mustard, safflower, pomegranate, and others.
Third: Tropical and Subtropical Plants
All plants in this group grow in tropical regions, which are characterized by a warmth equal to room temperature throughout the year, while humidity levels range from low to high. Among these plant types are camphor, sea costus, ginger, oud and others.
List of ecological groups
Acacia
Scientific Name: Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf.
Arabic Name: العُرفُط
English Name: Acacia
Growth form: Acacia oerfota is a perennial deserty shrub....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by ‘Aisha: Allah’s Apostle was fond of honey...
Banana
Scientific Name: Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
Arabic Name: الطلْح المنْضُود / المَوْز
English Name: Banana
Growth form: Banana is a large herbal plant....
Citation in the Quran:
Talh is referred to once in the ...
Citation in the Hadith:
Banana is not mentioned in the Hadith.
...
Barley
Scientific Name: Hordeum vulgare L.
Arabic Name: الشَّعِير
English Name: Barley
Growth form: Barley is annual cereal grass....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Ibn Umar: Allah’s Apostle enjoined the paym...
Bitter gourd / Colocynth
Scientific Name: Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.
Arabic Name: الْحَنْظَل
English Name: Bitter gourd / Colocynth
Growth form: Colocynth is a perennial, procumbent herb....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Abu Musa: The Prophet said, “And the exampl...
Black cumin / Black seeds
Scientific Name: Nigella sativa L.
Arabic Name: الحَبَة السَوْداء
English Name: Black cumin / Black seeds
Growth form: Black cumin is an annual herbaceous erect plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Abu Huraira: I heard Allah’s Apostle sa...
Buxus/ Katam hair dye
Scientific Name: Buxus dioica Forssk.
Arabic Name: الكَتَم
English Name: Buxus/ Katam hair dye
Growth form: Katam is an evergreen shrub or small tree....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by AbuDharr: The Prophet (Peace and Blessing be ...
Christ thorn
Scientific Name: Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.
Arabic Name: السِّدْر
English Name: Christ thorn
Growth form: Christ thorn "Sidr" is a shrub, or evergreen tall ...
Citation in the Quran:
Sidr and its derivatives have be...
Citation in the Hadith:
Umm ‘Atiyya reported: the Apostle of Allah (may peace b...
Costus / Crepe ginger
Scientific Name: Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) C.D. Specht
Arabic Name: القُسْط
English Name: Costus / Crepe ginger
Growth form: Kust root is a tropical perennial herb....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Anas; that he was asked about the wages of th...
Desert thorn
Scientific Name: Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl.
Arabic Name: القَتَاد
English Name: Desert thorn
Growth form: Desert thorn ”Qatad” is a perennial extremely ...
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Prophet said: “There wil...
Dyeing Acacia / Gum Arabica tree
Scientific Name: Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile
Arabic Name: القَّرْظْ
English Name: Dyeing Acacia / Gum Arabica tree
Growth form: Dyeing Acacia "Qarz" an evergreen Tree....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Qarz is mentined in the Hdith of Ibn Abass referring to t...
Garden beet/Beetroot
Scientific Name: Beta vulgaris L.
Arabic Name: السِّلْق
English Name: Garden beet/Beetroot
Growth form: Garden beet is an annual herb....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Sahl Bin Sad says: “We used to be happy on Fridays, for...
Garden leek
Scientific Name: Allium porrum L.
Arabic Name: الكُرَّاث
English Name: Garden leek
Growth form: Leek is an edible biennial plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Jabir reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade eat...
Ginger/cooking ginger
Scientific Name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Arabic Name: الزَّنْجَبيل
English Name: Ginger/cooking ginger
Growth form: Ginger is a perennial herb....
Citation in the Quran:
The word Zanjabil “ginger&...
Citation in the Hadith:
Ginger is not mentioned in the Hadith .
...
Grape
Scientific Name: Vitis vinifera L.
Arabic Name: العِنَب
English Name: Grape
Growth form: Grape is a deciduous climber shrub or tree....
Citation in the Quran:
The word Inab “grape”...
Citation in the Hadith:
Raisins (Zabib); the dried grape is mentioned in Hadith. ...
Henna
Scientific Name: Lawsonia inermis L.
Arabic Name: الْحِنَّاء
English Name: Henna
Growth form: Henna is a shrub or small tree....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by AbuDharr: The Prophet (Peace and Blessing be ...
Lentil
Scientific Name: Lens culinaris Medik.
Arabic Name: العَدَس
English Name: Lentil
Growth form: Lentil is annual bushy herb with erect, semierect ...
Citation in the Quran:
Adas is mentioned one time in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
The plant is not mentioned in the Hadith .
...
Mustard
Scientific Name: Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Arabic Name: الخَرْدل
English Name: Mustard
Growth form: Mustard is an annual herb....
Citation in the Quran:
The word khardal “mustard&...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Abu Said Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, “When...
Onion
Scientific Name: Allium cepa L.
Arabic Name: البَصَل
English Name: Onion
Growth form: Onion is an annual, bulbous plant....
Citation in the Quran:
Basal or onion is mentioned one ...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Jabir bin ‘Abdullah: The Prophet said, “W...
Pomegranate
Scientific Name: Punica granatum L.
Arabic Name: الرُمَّان
English Name: Pomegranate
Growth form: Pomegranate is a deciduous shrub or small tree...
Citation in the Quran:
The word Rumman ” pomegran...
Citation in the Hadith:
An-Nawwas b. Sam’an reported that Allah’s Messenger (...
Pumpkin
Scientific Name: Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Arabic Name: الدُبَّاء
English Name: Pumpkin
Growth form: Pumpkin is an annual, monoecious, trailing or clim...
Citation in the Quran:
The word Duba’a “pumpkin...
Citation in the Hadith:
Anas bin. Malik reported: A tailor invited Allah’s Mess...
Safflower
Scientific Name: Carthamus tinctorius L.
Arabic Name: العُصْفُر
English Name: Safflower
Growth form: Safflower is an annual, herbaceous plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Ibn ‘Umar said “the Messenger of PBUH forbade the maf...
Saffron/Saffron crocus
Scientific Name: Crocus sativus L.
Arabic Name: الزَّعْفَران
English Name: Saffron/Saffron crocus
Growth form: Saffron is a perennial or an annual corm....
Citation in the Quran:
The word Za’afran “s...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by ‘Abdullah bin Umar: A person stood up and a...
Sesame
Scientific Name: Sesamum indicum L.
Arabic Name: السِّمْسِم
English Name: Sesame
Growth form: True Sesame is an annual herbaceous plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Jabir b. ‘Abdullah was sitting near a column narrating ...
Shampoo ginger / Pinecone ginger
Scientific Name: Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.
Arabic Name: الزَّرْنَب
English Name: Shampoo ginger / Pinecone ginger
Growth form: Shampoo ginger is a perennial herb...
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
‘A’isha reported that (one day) there sat together el...
Snake cucumber/ hairy cucumber
Scientific Name: Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin
Arabic Name: القِثَّاء
English Name: Snake cucumber/ hairy cucumber
Growth form: Snake cucumber is an annual prostrate plant....
Citation in the Quran:
Qithaa is mentioned one time in ...
Citation in the Hadith:
‘Abdullah b. Ja’far reported: I saw Allah’s Messeng...
Spiny Fruit
Scientific Name: Neurada procumbens L.
Arabic Name: السَّعْدَان
English Name: Spiny Fruit
Growth form: Spiny fruit plant is a desert, annual creeping her...
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Sa’adan has been mentioned in the Hadith described the ...
Sweet basil
Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum L.
Arabic Name: الرَّيْحَان
English Name: Sweet basil
Growth form: Basil is an evergreen herbaceous perennial plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The word Ar-Rayhan “basil&...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Abu Musa: The Prophet said, “and the exampl...
Sweet flag/Calamus
Scientific Name: Acorus calamus L.
Arabic Name: الذَّريرَة
English Name: Sweet flag/Calamus
Growth form: Sweet flag is a semi-aquatic herbaceous plant....
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by ‘Aisha; during the last Pilgrimage Hajjat-a...
Tamarisk
Scientific Name: Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst.
Arabic Name: الأثْل / الطَرْفاء
English Name: Tamarisk
Growth form: Tamarisk is an evergreen shrub or tree....
Citation in the Quran:
The word Athl “Tamarisk...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Abu Hazim: Some men came to Sahl bin Sad to a...
Umbrella thorn
Scientific Name: Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne
Arabic Name: السَّمُر
English Name: Umbrella thorn
Growth form: Umbrella thorn is an armed desert tree or shrub....
Citation in the Quran:
The name of the plant is not men...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated Jubair bin Mutim:That while he was with Allahs A...
Watermelon
Scientific Name: Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Arabic Name: البِطِيخ
English Name: Watermelon
Growth form: Watermelon is an annual trailing, vine-like flower...
Citation in the Quran:
The plant is not mentioned in th...
Citation in the Hadith:
Narrated by Aisha, Ummul Mu’minin: The Apostle of Allah...
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